Imaging genetics bij ADHD Patrick de Zeeuw
Effecten van genetisch risico op hersenanatomie en hersenfunctie in beeld gebracht
Samenvatting
Dit artikel behandelt een speciaal type endofenotype-onderzoek bij ADHD: imaging genetics. De term refereert aan alle studies waarbij op zoek wordt gegaan naar genetische invloeden op de anatomie en functie van de hersenen zoals gemeten met neuro-imagingtechnieken. Allereerst wordt kort het veld van de imaging genetics ingeleid en wordt een beknopte samenvatting gegeven van bevindingen van neuro-imaging research bij ADHD. Vervolgens worden tweeling- en siblingstudies naar hersenanatomie en hersenfunctie bij ADHD besproken. Hoewel siblingstudies strikt genomen niet onder imaging genetics vallen is er veel kennis op deze wijze opgedaan en mogen zij niet ontbreken. Vervolgens worden kandidaat-genstudies naar de effecten van genetische variatie in het DRD4-gen op hersenanatomie en hersenfunctie bij ADHD besproken. Het artikel eindigt met een korte blik voorwaarts op de uitdagingen voor de komende tijd.
Literatuur
- Bush, G., Valera, E.M. & Seidman, L.J. (2005). Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review and suggested future directions. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1273-1284.
- Castellanos, F.X., Lau, E., Tayebi, N., Lee, P., Long, R.E., Giedd, J.N., Sharp, W., Marsh, W.L., Walter, J.M., Hamburger, S.D., Ginns, E.I., Rapoport, J.L. & Sidransky, E. (1998). Lack of an association between a dopamine-4 receptor polymorphism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Genetic and brain morphometric analyses. Molecular Psychiatry, 3(5), 431-434.
- Castellanos, F.X., Sharp, W.S., Gottesman, R.F., Greenstein, D.K., Giedd, J.N. & Rapoport, J.L. (2003). Anatomic brain abnormalities in monozygotic twins discordant for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(9), 1693.
- Dickstein, S.G., Bannon, K., Xavier Castellanos, F. & Milham, M.P. (2006). The neural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ALE meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(10), 1051-1062.
- Durston, S., De Zeeuw, P. & Staal, W.G. (2009). Imaging genetics in ADHD: A focus on cognitive control. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 33(5), 674-689.
- Durston, S., Fossella, J.A., Casey, B.J., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Galvan, A., Schnack, H.G., Steenhuis, M.P., Minderaa, R.B., Buitelaar, J.K., Kahn, R.S. & Van Engeland, H. (2005). Differential effects of DRD4 and DAT1 genotype on fronto-striatal gray matter volumes in a sample of subjects with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, their unaffected siblings, and controls. Molecular Psychiatry, 10(7), 678.
- Durston, S., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Schnack, H.G., Buitelaar, J.K., Steenhuis, M.P., Minderaa, R.B., Kahn, R.S. & Van Engeland, H. (2004). Magnetic resonance imaging of boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected siblings. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(3), 332-340.
- Durston, S., Mulder, M., Casey, B.J., Ziermans, T. & Van Engeland, H. (2006). Activation in ventral prefrontal cortex is sensitive to genetic vulnerability for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 60(10), 1062-1070.
- Ent, D. van 't, Lehn, H., Derks, E.M., Hudziak, J.J., Van Strien, N.M., Veltman, D.J., De Geus, E.J., Todd, R.D. & Boomsma, D.I. (2007). A structural MRI study in monozygotic twins concordant or discordant for attention/hyperactivity problems: Evidence for genetic and environmental heterogeneity in the developing brain. Neuroimage, 35(3), 1004-1020.
- Ent, D. van 't, Van Beijsterveldt, C.E., Derks, E.M., Hudziak, J.J., Veltman, D.J., Todd, R.D., Boomsma, D.I. & De Geus, E.J. (2009). Neuroimaging of response interference in twins concordant or discordant for inattention and hyperactivity symptoms. Neuroscience, 164(1), 16-29.
- Faraone, S.V., Biederman, J. & Mick, E. (2006). The age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of follow-up studies. Psychological Medicine, 36(2), 159-165.
- Forbes, E.E., Brown, S.M., Kimak, M., Ferrell, R.E., Manuck, S.B. & Hariri, A.R. (2009). Genetic variation in components of dopamine neurotransmission impacts ventral striatal reactivity associated with impulsivity. Molecular Psychiatry, 14(1), 60-70.
- Green, A.E., Munafo, M.R., DeYoung, C.G., Fossella, J.A., Fan, J. & Gray, J.R. (2008). Using genetic data in cognitive neuroscience: From growing pains to genuine insights. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(9), 710-720.
- Konrad, K., Neufang, S., Hanisch, C., Fink, G.R. & Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (2006). Dysfunctional attentional networks in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Evidence from an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biological Psychiatry, 59(7), 643.
- Lenroot, R.K., Schmitt, J.E., Ordaz, S.J., Wallace, G.L., Neale, M.C., Lerch, J.P., Kendler, K.S., Evans, A.C. & Giedd, J.N. (2009). Differences in genetic and environmental influences on the human cerebral cortex associated with development during childhood and adolescence. Human Brain Mapping, 30(1), 163-174.
- Li, D., Sham, P.C., Owen, M.J. & He, L. (2006). Meta-analysis shows significant association between dopamine system genes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Human Molecular Genetics, 15(14), 2276-2284.
- Monuteaux, M.C., Seidman, L.J., Faraone, S.V., Makris, N., Spencer, T., Valera, E., Brown, A., Bush, G., Doyle, A.E., Hughes, S., Helliesen, M., Mick, E. & Biederman, J. (2008). A preliminary study of dopamine D4 receptor genotype and structural brain alterations in adults with ADHD. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 147B(8), 1436-1441.
- Mulder, M.J., Baeyens, D., Davidson, M.C., Casey, B.J., Van den Ban, E., Van Engeland, H. & Durston, S. (2008). Familial vulnerability to ADHD affects activity in the cerebellum in addition to the prefrontal systems. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(1), 68-75.
- Peper, J.S., Brouwer, R.M., Boomsma, D.I., Kahn, R.S. & Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (2007). Genetic influences on human brain structure: A review of brain imaging studies in twins. Human Brain Mapping, 28(6), 464-473.
- Pine, D.S., Ernst, M. & Leibenluft, E. (2010). Imaging-genetics applications in child psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(8), 772-782.
- Scheres, A., Milham, M.P., Knutson, B. & Castellanos, F.X. (2007). Ventral striatal hyporesponsiveness during reward anticipation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 61(5), 720-724.
- Shaw, P., Eckstrand, K., Sharp, W., Blumenthal, J., Lerch, J.P., Greenstein, D., Clasen, L., Evans, A., Giedd, J. & Rapoport, J.L. (2007a). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in cortical maturation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(49), 19649-19654.
- Shaw, P., Gornick, M., Lerch, J., Addington, A., Seal, J., Greenstein, D., Sharp, W., Evans, A., Giedd, J.N., Castellanos, F.X. & Rapoport, J.L. (2007b). Polymorphisms of the dopamine d4 receptor, clinical outcome, and cortical structure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(8), 921-931.
- Shaw, P., Lerch, J., Greenstein, D., Sharp, W., Clasen, L., Evans, A., Giedd, J., Castellanos, F.X. & Rapoport, J. (2006). Longitudinal mapping of cortical thickness and clinical outcome in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(5), 540-549.
- Szobot, C., Roman, T., Cunha, R., Acton, P., Hutz, M. & Rohde, L.A. (2005). Brain perfusion and dopaminergic genes in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 132B(1), 53-58.
- Valera, E.M., Faraone, S.V., Murray, K.E. & Seidman, L.J. (2007). Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 61(12), 1361-1369.